SAUSD's Amplifying Leadership Podcast

14. A Champion for Justice and Equality: Dorothy Mulkey’s Trailblazing Path from Local Activist to National Civil Rights Hero

• Bianca Barquin • Season 2 • Episode 1

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What fueled an 84-year-old grandmother from Santa Ana to take on the US Supreme Court in a fight for housing equality? Hear the powerful journey of Dorothy Mulkey, whose childhood in Kentucky's tight-knit school community instilled values of justice and equality that would later shape her activism. From her choice to join the Navy to facing racial segregation in Santa Ana’s Little Texas, Dorothy recounts the pivotal moments that set her on a courageous path against Proposition 14.

Discover the grit and resilience that carried Dorothy through a four-year legal struggle, all while being a new mother facing societal barriers and threats. With personal anecdotes about her battle to secure a job at Bank of America and the profound spiritual and familial support that sustained her, Dorothy's story is a testament to the power of faith and community in overcoming adversity. This segment underscores how her unyielding spirit led to a landmark victory that continues to inspire the fight against housing discrimination.

Finally, we explore the evolving role of women in the civil rights movement through Dorothy's eyes. She shares invaluable lessons in social justice advocacy, emphasizing the importance of doing what is right despite challenges. Highlighting influential community figures and the unwavering support from her mother, Dorothy offers heartfelt advice for young advocates. With personal stories about her family, including her grandson's admiration, this episode pays tribute to the empowerment of women in civil rights and the enduring legacy of Dorothy’s mother, whose resilience and love for learning shaped Dorothy into the committed activist she is today.

Visit us at our Buzzsprout site for more ways to listen, links to our social media sites and any referenced materials, and complete transcripts of our full-length episodes: https://bit.ly/SAUSDAmplifyingLeadership

Announcer:

Greetings Amplifiers. Our very special guest this episode is 84-year-old Santa Ana resident, Dorothy Mulkey. In 1963, the Rumford Fair Housing Act made it illegal for landlords to deny people housing based on ethnicity, religion or national origin in California. The following year, California ballot Proposition 14 was passed in response to counteract the law, reinstating racially discriminatory housing practices known as redlining. Dorothy Mulkey led the fight to overturn Proposition 14, bringing her case before the California Supreme Court in 1965. The Court determined Proposition 14 violated the 14th Amendment, but the case continued upward to the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1967, the US Supreme Court upheld the California court ruling, delivering a victory to Dorothy and others who faced discriminatory housing practices across the US.

Bianca Barquin:

Greetings, Amplifiers, and welcome to another episode of SAUSD's Amplifying Leadership. I'm your host, Bianca Barquin, and it's wonderful to be back with you today to amplify the work of inspiring leaders who are making a difference in the lives of our students, our local community and beyond. Today, as we illuminate the life and legacy of an incredible Santa Ana community advocate, we're joined by a truly heroic figure whose journey is nothing short of legendary. With us today is Dorothy Mulkey, a resident of Santa Ana's historic Little Texas neighborhood, a fierce advocate for fair housing and civil rights, a courageous trailblazer in the battle against segregation and an inspiration to all who learn her story. Dorothy's journey from Kentucky's coal country to the steps of the US Supreme Court is a testament to the power of resilience and the enduring fight for justice. Dorothy, it's an absolute privilege to have you with us here today. Your journey from the coal mines of Kentucky to the highest court in the land is truly inspiring. Thank you.

Dorothy Mulkey:

It's so good to be here.

Bianca Barquin:

So let's start at the beginning and I'm going to get right into questions. Tell us what your upbringing was like and how did it shape your views on justice and equality.

Dorothy Mulkey:

That's pretty simple. I came from a family of four. My brother was five years older and I was the only daughter for 11 years until my mom had another baby which I considered as my own. So I went to a small school because obviously it was a small town and there were two buildings. The front building was for the primary kids and the big building was from elementary through high school, so you didn't have to walk very far about two minutes from one building to the other. And the interesting thing about my school was the fact that our school teachers that taught us Monday through Friday were also our Sunday school teachers on Sunday. So they knew everything about you, your family. If you get out of line, you could expect not a phone call but a visit. So I thought that was very unique. We actually had almost like private tutoring.

Bianca Barquin:

That is pretty incredible to have just like two rooms, you said, in this small building. That went all the way through high school, in that your same teachers were Sunday school teachers. Talk about the relationships that they had with you all as students and with your family members too.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Absolutely.

Bianca Barquin:

So when did you actually move to California and can you tell us about this area known as Little Texas?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Well, yes, there's a story in between. When I graduated from high school, I had gotten a scholarship to Kentucky State College, but my cousin and I, Sandra, were in the same graduating class had decided we were going into the military instead. So Sandra went into the Army and when I went to the Army recruiter I said no, because their uniforms were brown and didn't look good on me. So I go, 'I need to go to someone that has more colorful uniforms,' and so that reason I chose the Navy, which I went into after several months, because my mom was determined I was not going into the military. But I convinced my dad because he was on my side, and that's how I got in.

Bianca Barquin:

Incredible and you look amazing and so fashionable today. I think that that is beautiful. So once you were in the military and then you emerged from service, right, is that when you moved to California?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Absolutely. The story in between that: one year before my enlistment was up, I met Lincoln Mulkey and the only reason he attracted me was because he was very tall and I came from a very short family. So I had decided as a kid that I was going to marry a tall man, have three kids and a white picket fence. And he met the goal that I had set. He was like six feet four and I was almost 5'1", so I knew that we would have tall kids and that's what motivated me.

Bianca Barquin:

That's amazing. So you made all your dreams come true.

Dorothy Mulkey:

I

Bianca Barquin:

I love it, and I love that you always knew what you wanted.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Absolutely.

Bianca Barquin:

So you all moved to

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, he was actually from California. His dad lived in Santa Ana. He had graduated from Riverside High School, but he didn't get to march with his graduation class because he had joined the Navy and the class that he wanted to attend started before graduation day. So, even though he received his diploma, he did not march because he had to go to boot camp to get into the class he wanted.

Bianca Barquin:

Wow, okay, so he was natively from California and Santa Ana, so tell me more about Little Texas. What is Little Texas?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Little Texas is a group of streets that range from Raitt Street to well past Civic Center Drive. It's an area that was primarily for people that were not Caucasian.

Bianca Barquin:

Okay.

Dorothy Mulkey:

People of color.

Bianca Barquin:

Here in Santa Ana.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Here

Bianca Barquin:

And is that where you all lived when you moved to California?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, my dad-- father-in-law, call him my dad, had a home on South Townsend Street and so, because I was seven months pregnant when we came, we moved in with them till the baby came. And then, when my daughter Michelle was about three months old, I knew it was time to look for an apartment because I was then able to take care of a house. So that's when the journey started, when I began to look for a house and we knew that there were new apartment buildings really close to us, because my husband at the time was a letter carrier and on his route he observed these three blocks of new apartments. There were duplexes and two-story and brand new, never been lived in places. And that's what caught my attention the fact that we needed a house and I wanted something brand new for my new baby.

Bianca Barquin:

Yeah, and you were now at a place where you could have your own home and take care of your own apartment. Is that when you and your husband first started to encounter housing discrimination here in Orange County?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, that's when we started to look for apartments. I had looked in the Register to see the places that he had told me about on his route and they actually had listings in the Orange County Register. So I called. I called three apartments and made appointments to come by and see the places, and those three were on West Brook Street, West Highland and West Bishop.

Bianca Barquin:

And what happened? Did you go to your appointments after you made them?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Absolutely. He got off at five o'clock and so we made all the appointments for six o'clock on different days. So the first one we went to was the one on West Bishop and I could see, as we were walking in, that someone was observing us from the window, from the curtains. So when we knocked on the door, the lady came and she said, 'Oh, are you the lady I talked to on the phone?' I said yeah, I'm Dottie Mulkey. And she said, 'I'm just so sorry to tell you but we have no vacancies.' And we knew she was lying because, as I said, they were on his mail route. He delivered packages and letters to that same address daily and he knew that over half of the apartments were vacant. So we thanked her for her time and left.

Dorothy Mulkey:

The next day we went to the one on Brook Street. It was the same story. We were just a few minutes too late. It was like they had talked to each other. So being defeated but not giving up is when the journey really began. Because that very next Saturday, when I went to the beauty shop on 5th and Bristol and I was sitting in a chair next to a lady that I didn't know, but she was obviously an official for the NAACP that knew my dad. So when she wanted to know how things were and I told her about the apartment search, she said, 'I think I may be able to help you.'

Bianca Barquin:

That is amazing that this chance encounter at the beauty shop got you the support that you needed to take your next steps in the journey. So is that when you decided to challenge Prop 14? How did you feel at that time? I mean, were you nervous about taking on this... s o tell me more about your story.

Dorothy Mulkey:

On the Saturday that I had the conversation with Scottie Biddle. I didn't even know what Proposition 14 was, so there was no plan. All I knew was that we were looking for an apartment and she was going to help us facilitate that. So she made arrangements for us to attend the next NAACP meeting, which was at a school, I think it was Monte Vista, and she presented our dilemma to the group and they all bought into it without thinking, because the situation was that we were not the only people that had been denied access to apartments because of color. We were just the first ones to make it known and try to do something about it.

Bianca Barquin:

That is incredible. So at some point was the ACLU also involved, or just the NAACP?

Dorothy Mulkey:

The ACLU was very much involved in it, also because the NAACP at that time did not have enough people or leadership to handle what was about to take place.

Bianca Barquin:

Got it. So what was the next step in the journey after that meeting at Monte Vista, right?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, the next step was that a bunch of lawyers got together and I believe the lead attorney was David Cadwell from Los Angeles. He had a large practice and I still to this day don't understand how he had enough time to call us almost weekly as they were formulating the plan to present our case. But I mean, I'd see the phone ringing and I knew it was David because he would always call at the same time and he literally walked us through from beginning to end what to expect and he said to me, he said, 'You understand, there's going to be haters out there and you're going to experience things that you've never experienced before. If you really want to go through with this, we will back you, but if you don't, we'll understand.' And so I said to him once we start, we can't back down. We have to do this. We're going all the way, whatever that takes. And I jokingly said to him, my child, Michelle was about six months old then, I said, with everything going on, this case will probably be finished by the time she's in high school. That was a joke and that was 1963. And it actually took four years for the case to go through and for us to come out successful.

Bianca Barquin:

Four years. That's an incredibly long time. So what were your experiences during those four years? What were you able to do? Here you are a new mom taking on all of this and you have an attorney calling you every single week to kind of give you updates, right, and to brief you on what's happening related to the case.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Well, the interim period was really as exciting as the wait for the housing because my dad, Lincoln Mulkey Sr. that worked for Tom Keyes, a local realtor, Dad Mulkey actually maintained the model homes for Mr. Keyes so he had access to a lot of material things when the apartments and houses were sold. So he told me that when I was looking for a job, Dad Mulkey said you know, daughter, that you're probably going to have to babysit or act as a maid or something, because the Blacks in Santa Ana don't work in banks and places like that. And I said, why not? He said well, they just don't. So that motivated me. The very next day I went to Bank of America on North Main Street in Santa Ana, talked with the operations manager and he was just kind of in awe that I had come out of the military and I had this young child and so forth, so he hired me on the spot. So when you say no to me, that just motivates me.

Bianca Barquin:

That is such... It's an incredible story, number one. But your courage and your ability to overcome adversity is inspirational. What do you think gives you that courage?

Dorothy Mulkey:

My mom My mom told me as a little child, she said, 'You are so special that you are a born leader that no one will be able to keep you from whatever it is that you want if you set your mind to it.' And I bought into that story, I believed it.

Bianca Barquin:

As you should, and I hope for our listeners out there that everyone who has a child is doing the exact same thing, because what you've been able to accomplish is incredible and it's done so much not only for you, but for so many others. I mean, you are a trailblazer. So tell me more about your case, and what was it like to see your case reach the Supreme Court, because that's how far it went, and how did you prepare for that?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Well, actually I didn't have to prepare for anything because the legal team that we had, with David Cadwell as the helmsman, all they did was do what lawyers do. They gathered the information, all of it. They interviewed a whole bunch of people, we told our story and we just sat back and wait. The case originally went to the California Supreme Court, which they upheld the validity of Proposition 14.

Bianca Barquin:

Wow.

Dorothy Mulkey:

But the story wasn't over, and again David said, 'Do you want to go to the highest court in the land?' I go, we have nothing to lose. So then the prep started and they presented the case and it won. It was a 5-4 decision, but a win is a win.

Bianca Barquin:

And how did you feel?

Dorothy Mulkey:

I felt like I was out of body. I felt like it was surreal because at that time I was working for United California Bank, which was across the street from Bank of America because they offered me more money and I took it, and so the operations manager said that I had like an emergency phone call and when I took it, it was David saying you need to get home. Something miraculous has happened and I knew. But when I got home, I think that all the local TV stations, Channel 5, Channel 2, Channel 7, were there, reporters were all over the place and my husband had come in from the post office. We were just dumbfounded, we just... it was like, as I said, an out-of-body experience that it had finally come to fruition after all those years.

Bianca Barquin:

Four years later, four years later and what a difference, right, from the California Supreme Court versus the US Supreme Court.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Absolutely.

Bianca Barquin:

Now, did you encounter any struggles, any hate, anything like that during those four years?

Dorothy Mulkey:

You could say that.

Bianca Barquin:

You did?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes.

Bianca Barquin:

Can you tell us a little bit about it and how did you keep your family safe and how did you keep your own morale up? I think it'd be good for listeners anybody who's encountering adversity now or going through a struggle just to remain strong. So I would love to hear some of your advice or suggestions.

Dorothy Mulkey:

There were a lot of phone calls. A lot of people that were afraid to be seen called and they said all kinds of ugly things on the phone and, as I said, my father-in-law was threatened by Tom Keyes that he would lose his job if he didn't control his daughter-in-law.

Bianca Barquin:

Wow.

Dorothy Mulkey:

And so I told Dad well, get ready, you may have to look for a different job, because I'm not backing down, but I'm not threatened by malicious people, because I have faith. And my faith is so much stronger than my fear that if He wanted something to happen to me, He would have let it, but He didn't allow that. So I already knew. I knew when we filed that we were going to win this case. I already knew that it's just a matter of time. But if He has a calling on you, if He has something for you, nothing or nobody can take it away.

Bianca Barquin:

Is that what kept your entire family strong? Because you all needed to be strong as a unit, right, when you're encountering all of these challenges, from your father-in-law to your parents, you, your husband, your children, you know.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yeah, and my father-in-law was a deacon in the church. He was a man of God, you know. He gave people advice and so forth, but he was weak when it came to his own and I don't doubt him for that. But it was okay because in the end, when we won the case, all of a sudden he got his faith in me back. He loved me again, you know. But it's okay, because sometimes people don't buy into your dream because they can't see it. It's for you and oftentimes you let people steal your dream because they can't see it. But you have to hold strong to your faith. You have to believe in yourself and if you believe in it strong enough, pretty soon others will catch on.

Bianca Barquin:

I love that. I think that that is so inspiring, so important and great wisdom for people to be aware of. Sometimes people don't buy into your dreams because they can't see it. So true. So you mentioned once because I watched a couple previous interviews that doing nothing was not an option when faced with discrimination. What inner strength did you draw on during this time when people were doubting or possibly getting you to change your mind or drop the case? I mean, is it your faith?

Dorothy Mulkey:

It's definitely my faith and I guess my knees are kind of rusty now because I stayed on them a lot and I have an intimate relationship with my Savior. It's not a casual, it's never been a casual, it's been personal, and when I call upon Him I don't have time to play, I don't have time to, 'Lord, I think,' it's 'Lord, I know. I know you hear me, I know you're there for me, I'm one of yours.' So there was never any doubt in my mind that we would not come out victorious.

Bianca Barquin:

I love your strength, I love your resilience. Okay, so now let's get into leadership a little bit. What qualities do you believe are essential for leaders who are taking on challenges like these in the civil rights movement in anything, especially in today's context? What qualities should leaders possess?

Dorothy Mulkey:

I think you have to know the cause that you're fighting for and if you believe in it, then give it 100%. If you don't believe in it, get out of the way and let somebody else do it.

Bianca Barquin:

Beautifully stated. I love it. I love it. So how important, going back to your case specifically, was the support of your local community during your legal fight? Did it help you through the process? Did it influence the outcome? I'm thinking about you living in Little Texas, here in Santa Ana.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yeah, I think that Miss Scottie Biddle, who was a relative of Annie May Tripp, who founded the Southwest Community Center, played an integral part in my journey, because Miss Scottie was, and she was a little lady. She was actually shorter than I am and I'm, like I said, almost 5'1", so she must have been about 4'9". But she was a giant of a lady and I had a lot of one-on-one meetings with her. I had a lot of one-on-one meetings with Miss Annie Mae Tripp from the Southwest Community Center. And my mother-in-law, whose name is Dorothy also, was instrumental once we had gotten past the first hurdle, because she obviously was devoted to my father-in-law and she tried to be on the same page. But she finally came over to my side and I didn't have to convince her to do that, because one thing about me, I won't try to bring you over to my side. You either buy into it or you don't. I don't try to change your opinion.

Bianca Barquin:

So tell me something. Do you believe the fair housing movement has made enough progress since your case, or are there still challenges we need to overcome?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Oh, there's progress that has been made, but the challenges are still there, because the haters are still out there and they don't necessarily just hate on one, they just hate on people of color, whatever the ethnicity is, and I think that things are probably more undercover now than they were and even though housing has opened up, if you have the money to move, to pay for wherever you want to move, but now the problem is that housing is so high that the average person has to rent. They can't afford to buy.

Bianca Barquin:

That's true. That is true. The housing market it's so expensive.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yeah.

Bianca Barquin:

I'm thinking about the students that we actually serve in Santa Ana, my own son. What advice would you give to young people today who want to advocate for social justice and equality?

Dorothy Mulkey:

I would say to the young people, and especially to my grandkids, I have six grandkids, three grandsons and three granddaughters, and my youngest grandson, who graduated from UC Davis, said to me, he was about 10th grade. He said, he said, 'Grandma, we have to do a project at school,' he was going to Segerstrom, 'on who your hero is and you're my hero. Can I do a video on you?' And that had to be the sweetest thing anybody had ever said to me, that this teenager wanted to do a video because I was his hero. And so we did the basics. He took the film, took the pictures and so forth, and he aced the class, obviously because of that.

Dorothy Mulkey:

So I would say to young people just do what makes you feel good, and you know what that is, because doing what is right, there's a cost to it. It's not free. Doing what is wrong is free and fun, but if you're not out of your comfort zone, you're not doing the right thing. And so, as he was, we spent countless hours on that little project and he was so proud and so was I. So I just say that the young people do what's right. You know the difference between right and wrong. You really do.

Bianca Barquin:

Great advice, great lessons for all of our young folks out there. So I have two last questions for you before we get to our amplifying segment, where we amplify somebody else's message. How do you view the role of women in the civil rights movement, both historically and today?

Dorothy Mulkey:

I think historically, women were quiet. They were behind the scenes, they were to walk behind the man, whereas now they walk side by side and sometimes in front of the man. I think women have come into their own right and they know that a true leader does not turn back. You have a goal, you do everything possible to accomplish that goal.

Bianca Barquin:

I love it, which leads right into my last question for you, Dorothy. What have you learned by leading by example and through your own experiences through all of this?

Dorothy Mulkey:

I think the most important thing I've learned is that you have to be honest with whatever it is, because people can, they can detect that, they know when you're being real versus when you're being lights, camera, action. And I know because for 35 years as a telephone company employee, I was a telephone pioneer where we did community service work and we did really big projects and my key part was for older people, convalescent homes, teenage pregnancies, little kids that didn't have enough to eat. There were so many projects that we funded, that helped so many people and we didn't have lights and camera in action on most of them until some of the projects got so big that the company realized they needed that publicity and they kind of homed in on it. But the work we did for those marginalized people just really turned me on because the more I got, the more I wanted to give. People were hungry for attention. You'd go to a nursing home and some of the people did not receive relatives' visits. They would drop them off and come in on holidays to say hello, and so that kind of work for the marginalized, the disadvantaged is what I still do. That's just what I do.

Bianca Barquin:

It's authentic care, right, care for others. I think that's amazing and it's clear that authenticity is one of your core values. I so appreciate that about you. So, Dorothy, last part of the podcast for us, if you could amplify the message or lesson of someone who's made a significant impact in your journey, who would it be and what is that resonating message?

Dorothy Mulkey:

That is an easy question to answer and that for sure would be my mom. My mom was the driving force behind everything that I've accomplished. She was a strong-willed woman. That's why she and I butted heads so many times, because she made me like this, she made me strong, and then she couldn't handle it because I would not back down from her.

Bianca Barquin:

That is so powerful, and what a beautiful tribute to your mom. I thank her for everything she did to make you the person that you are today, because you've done so much for us. So, Dorothy, can you tell me more about your mom and her level of education and what she actually did to support you and your siblings?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, my mom was the elder sister in the family. She had three younger sisters, so that when she was in the eighth grade, her mom, and her mom was 32 years old when she passed, my mom, Anna, had to become the mother for her younger sisters, so she quit school and she became her sister's mom. She took care of the house, she took care of the bills, because her dad, my grandfather, turned into an alcoholic and most of the time he didn't know what was going on. So my mom had to step up and become the mom, the bill payer, all that stuff at such an early age, and she handled it.

Dorothy Mulkey:

My aunts were three, maybe four years younger and they were like two years apart. So she saw them through school and she became a mother at 19 years old with my brother, and then when she married my dad three years later, then I came two years later, and so, but my two younger sisters were not born before I left home. I was already an adult at 18 when they came along. So through the years, as I would go home on vacation to visit, they were strangers to me because I didn't know them and they treated me like a second mother, because they didn't know me either. But now that my mom has gone on to heaven and we are older, I have become the mother figure in the family and we have these family Zoom calls every two months and it's just really... I can't describe how it is because the grandkids, the nieces, the nephews, my ex-husband in New Mexico, everybody's on that family Zoom call. And it started after the pandemic. So the pandemic for us was a lifesaver, because we would never have done this had that not happened.

Bianca Barquin:

That is something beautiful that definitely came out of the pandemic, how it brought your whole family together. I think that's incredible. Another piece of information that you shared earlier with your mom talking about her only having an eighth grade education. But she was thinking like a futurist, she was a planner. You actually said she went to the school of common sense. Tell me a little bit more about the planning that she did.

Dorothy Mulkey:

Well, it's really funny because when I was in school, my mom, first of all, we didn't have kindergarten. You went right into first grade. But I didn't really need it because my mom had books. She had 'Run, Jerry, Run'. She had every book in the trade. I knew my ABCs, I could write my name, I knew where I lived, I knew the phone, I knew all that stuff that they wanted to skip me from first grade to second. But she said, 'No, I want her maturity level is not where her academic level is,' and so she wouldn't let them skip me. So I stayed there. But she drilled me and she drilled me with books and I followed her around in the kitchen and I was cooking at 7. I was cooking turkeys and pies and stuff because I shadowed her. So, even though she didn't have the formal education, she never worked outside the home. So it was her and I, and if she'd turn around in the kitchen she'd step on me because I was right behind her. So all those years of personal one-on-one is why, when I left home, I knew I was going to be independent, because she had made me that way.

Bianca Barquin:

That is so incredible. Thank you for taking the time and sharing that. I think it's inspirational for anybody who's listening and for everyone that has children or grandchildren, nieces and nephews to know that those relationships and that one-on-one time is so incredibly important. We don't realize how much it impacts us in the future. It really helps us become who we need to be, right? So is there anything else that you think is important for our listeners that you'd like to share with us?

Dorothy Mulkey:

Yes, I would say to any parent take the time to love on little Johnny today. Tell him how great he is. He already knows his faults, you don't have to point those out to him, but tell him how great he is how important he is to you and watch and see what happens.

Bianca Barquin:

Thank you again, Dorothy, for being here. This conversation is truly inspirational and will help so many. Dorothy, your story is not just a chapter in history books. It is a continuous source of motivation and a blueprint for action in the face of injustice. Your legacy teaches us that with determination and courage, change is not only possible but inevitable. Thank you for your enduring spirit and for joining us today to share your remarkable journey. To our listeners, we hope this episode leaves you enlightened and inspired to advocate for justice in your own communities. Dorothy Mulkey's life reminds us that when we stand firm in our convictions, we can challenge the status quo and create a more equitable society. Thank you for tuning in to SAUSD's Amplifying Leadership. Please join us next time as we continue to explore the stories of leaders who dare to make a difference.